According to the DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition)
Substance Abuse, (and this includes alcohol or drugs), is characterised by someone having 1 of the following, occurring in a 12 month period:
- Recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations (e.g., work, home, school)
- Recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (e.g., driving, operating machinery)
- Recurrent substance related legal problems, (e.g., disorderly conduct, DWIs
- Continued use despite knowledge of negative consequences (e.g., family, financial, emotional, social problems, hangovers, physical fights).
Substance Dependence is manifested by the occurance of 3 or more of these in a 12 month period:
- Change in tolerance (Increase or decrease in the amount you need to get the effect that you want).
- Withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not used.
- The substance is taken in larger amounts or for a longer period of time than was intended.
- There is a persistent desire to cut down or control the substance use.
- A great deal of time is spent on obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from its effects.
- Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of using the substance.
- The substance is used despite knowledge of negative consequences.